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Glossary
- ADN
- Advance Digital Network) – Usually refers to a 56Kbps leased-line.
- Apache
- A public-domain web server developed by a loosely-knit group of programmers.
The first version of Apache, based on the NCSA http Web server, was developed in 1995.
Because it was developed from existing NCSA code plus various patches, it was called a
patchy server - hence the name Apache Server.
- Applet
- A small Java program that can be embedded in an HTML page. Applets differ from
full-fledged Java applications in that they are not allowed to access certain resources
on the local computer, such as files and serial devices (modems, printers, etc.), and
are prohibited from communicating with most other computers across a network.
- Archie
- A tool (software) for finding files stored on anonymous FTP sites.
- ARPANet
- (Advanced Research ProjectsAgency Network) – The precursor to the Internet.
Developed in the late 60’s and early 70’s by the US Department of Defense as an
experiment in wide-area-networking that would survive a nuclear war.
- Browser
- Short for Web browser, a software application used to locate and display
Web pages. The two most popular browsers are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft
Internet Explorer. Both of these are graphical browsers, which means that they
can display graphics as well as text. In addition, most modern browsers can
resent multimedia information, including sound and video, though they require
plug-ins for some formats.
- Bulletin Board
- A computer system used as an information source and forum for a particular
interest group. They were widely used in the U.S. to distribute shareware and
drivers and had their heyday before the World Wide Web took off. A BBS functions
somewhat like a stand-alone Web site, but without graphics. However, unlike Web sites,
each BBS has its own telephone number to dial into.
- CGI
- Abbreviation of Common Gateway Interface, a specification for transferring
information between a World Wide Web server and a CGI program. A CGI program is
any program designed to accept and return data that conforms to the CGI specification.
The program could be written in any programming language, including C, Perl, Java, or
Visual Basic.
- Cgi-bin
- The most common name of a directory on a web server in which CGI Programs are stored.
The “bin” part of “cgi-bin” is a short-hand version of “binary”, because once upon a time,
most programs were refered to as “binaries”. In real life, most programs found in cgi-bin
directories are text files – scripts that are executed by binaries located elsewhere on
the same machine.
- Counter
- A program or Plug –In that monitors the number of times a given page or file has
been accessed. Commonly, it can be gauged at regular increments and then reset, or kept
running. Much like a vehicles odometer versus the trip meter.
- Credit Card Processing
- The pathway funds are transferred from a credit card account via a payment gateway
through a merchant service to a payee, like a retail establishment or a professional
service like an accountant.
- Custom DLL
- (Dynamic Link Library) An executable program module that performs some function.
DLLs are widely used in Windows, but they are not launched directly by the user. When
needed, they are called for by a running application and are loaded to provide
additional functionality. DLLs can be rather simple such as providing the ability
to display a 3-D border around a dialog box (CTL3DV2.DLL) or as complicated as a
full-blown language interpreter such as a Visual Basic runtime module (VBRUN400.DLL).
- Cybercash
- A web payment processing service from CyberCash, Inc., Oakland, CA, (www.cybercash.com),
that allows merchants to process credit cards and initiate direct transfers from customer
checking accounts. Merchant transactions are sent to CyberCash servers which access the
credit card networks and Automated Clearing House (ACH). In addition to its back-end
payment processing, CyberCash also provides the InstaBuy digital wallet service that
fills in the forms at any online shopping site. CyberCash has been processing credit
cards since 1995, making it one of the earliest payment systems on the Internet.
- Dedicated Web Server
- A computer that contains a single domain name and unique IP address.
- DNR
- Short for Domain Name Registration.
- DNS
- Short for Domain Name System (or Service), an Internet service that translates
domain names into IP addresses. Because domain names are alphabetic, they're easier
to remember. The Internet however, is really based on IP Addresses. Every time you
use a domain name, therefore, a DNS service must translate the name into the corresponding
IP address. For example, the domain name www.arishost.com might translate to 198.105.232.4.
- Domain Parking
- The act of registering a Domain, then placing it on a server for future reservation or usage
purposes. Commonly used tactic for reserving name similar or relevant to the original
(ie: reserving the .com, .net and .org of a given domain name).
- Domain Pointing
- The referring of one IP to another IP. A common example is when you type
in one Internet Address, and another Address almost immediately appears.
- Domain Registration
- The act of registering an Internet Domain Name with interNIC, the governing
body of domain names. An Internet domain name is an organization's unique name
combined with a top level domain name (TLD). For example, arishost.com is the
domain name of this registrar. Following are the top level domains. The .edu,
.mil and .gov domains are traditionally U.S. domains. At the end of 1999, more
than six million domain names were registered. Needless to say, many more are expected.
- E-commerce
- Conducting business on-line. This includes, for example, buying and selling products
with digital cash and via Electronic Data Interchange.
- E-mail autoresponder
- A mail utility that automatically sends a reply to an e-mail message. Autoresponders
are used to send back boilerplate information on a topic without having the requester
do anything more than e-mail a particular address. They are also used to send a
confirmation that the message has been received.
- E-mail Forward
- Sending e-mail to its correct destination. There are Web sites that provide a
name service either for a fee or at no cost because they are advertiser supported.
These sites let you choose a permanent e-mail address, and all mail sent to that
address is forwarded to your currently-active e-mail provider. If you ever change
providers, you only have to update your forwarding information at these "name-only" sites.
- E-mail Server
- A computer in a network that provides "post office" facilities. It stores incoming mail for
distribution to users and forwards outgoing mail through the appropriate channel. The term
may refer to just the software that performs this service, which can reside on a machine with
other services.
- Error 404 - not found
- The error message that is commonly displayed when a Web browser cannot locate a Web page
or CGI script. The link to a Web page (URL) is static like a telephone number in a telephone
book. A Web site can use software to search each link that it references for validity, but
there is no program that can automatically find the new address for the missing link. The
Webmaster can also replace the 404 message with something more understandable.
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